Andorra

Background

Andorra is a co-Principality with a democratic parliamentary system. The President of France and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell are co-princes of Andorra, who hold honorary positions as heads of state.

Roman Catholicism holds a privileged position in the state apparatus and maintains significant influence on politics.

‘Blasphemy’ laws 

Under Article 339 of the Criminal Code (2005), “anyone who, with intent to insult and in public, commits acts or utters statements which are seriously offensive for members of a religious, national or ethnic, trade union, political, or of persons professing a belief or ideology group shall be punished by a term of imprisonment”. 

There is no evidence to suggest that this provision is enforced, however.